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External Lightning Protection and Grounding to Reduce Stress in Photovoltaic Plants

Lightning current transients injected onto PV modules may cause damage to equipment farther downstream, resulting in equipment loss and production down time. Surge protective devices for the DC side of PV plants will not be able to withstand peak value lightning strikes without sufficient energy dissipation through the PV field.…

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Fault Current Split Calculation in Grounding Systems Studies

The ground fault current through a grounding system drives the magnitude of the ground potential rise (GPR) and corresponding touch and step voltage hazards at a substation. As current will take all paths, the GPR at a substation grounding system may be reduced with connections to shield wires, neutrals, and…